Subsurface voids pose significant challenges to geotechnical design. Accurately locating these voids is crucial for ensuring the soundness of structures and infrastructure. Traditional methods, such as borehole examination, can be expensive and provide limited spatial resolution. Emerging geophysica

Geotechnical exploration techniques are crucial for characterizing cavities and voids within the subsurface. These structures can significantly affect the stability of foundations, infrastructure, and slope. A variety of ground-based exploration methods are employed to locate cavities and voids. The

Geophysical exploration employs a crucial role in the identification and characterization of potential mineral deposits. By employing various physical methods, geologists can probe beneath the Earth's surface to detect subsurface structures and anomalies indicative of mineral richness. These geophy